How to Grow Cabbage

Introduction

Cabbage Varieties

Cabbage comes in several varieties, each with its unique characteristics:

1. Green Cabbage: The most common type, with smooth, tightly packed leaves.
2. Red Cabbage: Known for its vibrant purple color, this variety has a slightly peppery flavor.
3. Savoy Cabbage: Features crinkled, tender leaves that are perfect for salads and wraps.
4. Napa Cabbage: A Chinese cabbage with elongated heads and mild, sweet leaves.

Health Benefits

Cabbage is a nutrient-rich vegetable:

• Vitamins: High in vitamin C, K, and B6.
• Antioxidants: Contains compounds like anthocyanins and sulforaphane, which support immune function and reduce inflammation.
• Fiber: Aids digestion and supports gut health.
• Low-Calorie: A great choice for healthy eating and weight management.

Planting Cabbage

Starting Seeds Indoors

• Timing: Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost date for spring planting or 6-8 weeks before the first frost date for a fall crop.
• Seed Trays: Use seed trays with a well-draining seed-starting mix.
• Light: Provide 12-14 hours of light daily, either through natural sunlight or grow lights.
• Transplanting: Move seedlings outdoors when they have 4-6 true leaves and soil temperatures are at least 50°F.

Soil Preparation

• Soil Type: Cabbage thrives in loamy, well-drained soil.
• pH Level: Maintain a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (6.5-7.5).
• Enrichment: Incorporate compost or aged manure into the soil to boost fertility.

Transplanting Seedlings

• Spacing: Space plants 12-24 inches apart, depending on the variety, with rows 24-36 inches apart.
• Depth: Transplant seedlings deep enough to cover the stem up to the first set of leaves.
• Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch to retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.

Caring for Cabbage Plants

Watering Needs

• Cabbage needs consistent moisture, especially during head formation.
• Water deeply 1-1.5 inches per week, adjusting based on rainfall.
• Avoid overhead watering to reduce the risk of fungal diseases.

Fertilization

• Initial Fertilization: Use a balanced fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) at planting time.
• Side Dressing: Apply a nitrogen-rich fertilizer 3-4 weeks after transplanting to support leafy growth.

Mulching and Weeding

• Apply a 2-3 inch layer of mulch around plants to regulate soil temperature and retain moisture.
• Remove weeds regularly to prevent competition for nutrients and reduce pest habitats.

Pest and Disease Management

Common Pests

1. Cabbage Loopers: Green caterpillars that chew large holes in leaves.
2. Aphids: Small insects that cluster on leaves and stems, sucking sap and stunting growth.
3. Flea Beetles: Tiny black insects that create small holes in leaves.

Companion Planting

• Good Companions: Plant cabbage near dill, onions, and marigolds to repel pests.
• Avoid Planting Near: Strawberries and tomatoes, as they can attract pests harmful to cabbage.

Organic Pest Control

• Neem Oil: Effective against aphids and flea beetles.
• Row Covers: Protect young plants from cabbage loopers and flea beetles.
• Hand-Picking: Remove visible pests like caterpillars and dispose of them.

Harvesting Cabbage

Signs of Maturity

• Cabbage is ready for harvest when heads are firm and reach their full size (6-12 inches in diameter, depending on the variety).
• Avoid waiting too long, as heads can split or become tough.

Harvesting Methods

• Use a sharp knife to cut the cabbage head at the base, leaving a few outer leaves attached to protect the head.
• For a second harvest, leave the stalk in the ground; small side heads may develop.

Storage Tips

• Short-Term Storage: Store harvested cabbage in a plastic bag in the refrigerator for up to two weeks.
• Long-Term Storage: Wrap whole heads in paper and store them in a cool, dark place with high humidity.
• Freezing: Blanch shredded cabbage and freeze in airtight containers for use in soups or stews.

FAQs

How long does cabbage take to grow?

Cabbage takes 70-100 days to mature from seed, depending on the variety and growing conditions.

Can cabbage be grown in containers?

Yes, cabbage grows well in containers that are at least 12 inches deep and wide. Use a nutrient-rich potting mix and ensure proper drainage.

What causes cabbage heads to split?

Splitting occurs when plants receive too much water after a dry spell. To prevent splitting:

• Water consistently.
• Harvest heads promptly when mature.
• Loosen roots slightly to reduce water uptake.

How do you prevent cabbage worms?

• Use floating row covers to block cabbage moths from laying eggs.
• Spray plants with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a natural and safe caterpillar control.
• Remove eggs and caterpillars by hand if spotted.

Growing cabbage is a rewarding gardening project that yields delicious and nutritious results. By following these steps, you can enjoy a bountiful harvest of fresh, homegrown cabbage for your favorite dishes. Happy gardening!